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A network attack is an act that violates the stability and security of a network system through malicious means. Many websites have become targets of hacker attacks, so it is very important for website administrators and network users to understand the various ways they can be attacked and how to solve them. This article will introduce some common ways of website attacks and provide some solutions.

1. DDOS attack (distributed denial of service attack)

A DDOS attack is a type of attack in which hackers create a large number of false requests, causing the server resources to be exhausted and unable to process legitimate user requests. This will paralyze the website and prevent it from operating normally.

solution:

• Traffic filtering:

Websites can use firewalls or intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor and filter malicious traffic. These systems can identify and block DDoS attacks based on the source of the traffic, the destination port, and other criteria.

• Load Balancing:

Using a load balancer can spread the traffic across multiple servers, thereby distributing the impact of an attack. This ensures that even if one server is attacked, the other servers can still operate normally.

• SCDN (Content Delivery Network):

SCDN nodes are distributed globally, which can effectively share network traffic and prevent DDoS attacks. When attackers launch DDoS attacks, CDN nodes can help balance the load, avoid single point failures, and ensure the normal operation of the website.

• Limit the number of connections:

Websites can set a maximum connection limit to prevent a single IP address or user from establishing too many connections at the same time. This prevents attackers from using a large number of connections to consume server resources.

• DDoS Protection Services:

Kuehne & Nagel Cloud Security offers specialized DDoS protection services that use advanced traffic analysis and filtering technology to detect and block DDoS attacks.

• Real-time monitoring and response:

Provide a dedicated console to regularly monitor traffic and server performance, as well as detect and respond to any abnormal traffic in real time. This can help detect and respond to DDoS attacks in a timely manner.

2. XSS attack (cross-site scripting attack)

XSS attack is an attack method that injects malicious scripts into the website input box and then executes them by other users to obtain the user's sensitive information or perform malicious operations.

solution:

• Input validation and filtering:

Websites should validate and filter user input to ensure that only legal and expected data is accepted. This includes escaping or filtering content such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to prevent the injection of malicious scripts.

• Output encoding:

When a website outputs user input data to a web page, it should encode the data appropriately to prevent the execution of malicious scripts. Common encoding methods include HTML entity encoding and URL encoding.

• CSP (Content Security Policy):

CSP is a policy that limits the scripts and styles that a browser can execute by defining trusted content sources and the types of content that are allowed to be loaded. By using CSP, websites can reduce the risk of XSS attacks.

• Cookie Security:

Websites should use the Secure flag when setting cookies to ensure that cookies are only transmitted over encrypted HTTPS connections. Additionally, cookies should be marked as HttpOnly to prevent access to the cookie via JavaScript.

• Secure development practices:

Website developers should follow secure coding and development practices, including avoiding the use of unsafe functions such as eval() and innerHTML, and using secure password storage and session management methods.

• Security updates and bug fixes:

Websites should promptly update and fix known security vulnerabilities, including those related to XSS attacks. Regular security audits and vulnerability scans should be conducted to discover and fix potential vulnerabilities.

3. SQL injection attack

SQL injection attacks are attacks in which hackers inject malicious SQL code into a website's database query to obtain or tamper with data in the database.

solution:

• Use prepared statements:

Use prepared statements in PDO or mysqli extension to prepare and execute SQL queries. Prepared statements separate user input data from SQL statements, effectively preventing injection attacks.

• Input validation and filtering:

Validate and filter the data entered by the user to ensure that only data that meets the requirements can be accepted and used. You can use PHP filter functions (such as filter_var()) to validate and filter the input.

• Using parameterized queries:

When executing SQL queries, use parameterized queries instead of directly concatenating user input data into SQL statements. Parameterized queries pass user input data as parameters to SQL queries instead of directly concatenating it into SQL statements, thus avoiding injection attacks.

• Limit database user permissions:

Ensure that database users have only necessary permissions and do not grant too many permissions to prevent attackers from exploiting injection vulnerabilities to obtain sensitive data or perform malicious operations on the database.

• Error message handling:

In a production environment, detailed error messages should be disabled to prevent attackers from using error messages to gain clues about the database structure and sensitive information.

• Use a security framework or library:

You can use some widely tested and verified security frameworks or libraries, such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, etc. These frameworks or libraries have built-in security measures to help prevent SQL injection attacks.

4. CSRF Attack (Cross-Site Request Forgery)

CSRF attack is a hacker forging a legitimate user's request to perform illegal operations, thereby obtaining the user's sensitive information or performing illegal operations.

solution:

• Using CSRF token:

Generate a unique CSRF token for each user and embed it in the form or request. On the server side verify that the token in the request matches the token in the user's session and reject the request if it doesn't match.

• Verify the HTTP Referer header:

Verify the Referer header of the request on the server side to ensure that the request comes from the correct source. This method can prevent some CSRF attacks, but it is not completely reliable because the Referer header can be tampered with or disabled by some browsers.

• Verify user behavior:

Before performing key operations (such as changing passwords, deleting data, etc.), users are required to perform additional verification, such as entering passwords, sending verification codes, etc. This ensures that the user's intentions and operations are consistent, thereby preventing CSRF attacks.

• To set the SameSite attribute:

Set the SameSite attribute of the cookie to Strict or Lax to limit the cross-domain transmission of the cookie. This can prevent some CSRF attacks, but not all browsers support the SameSite attribute.

• Use verification code:

Before key operations, users are required to enter a verification code. The verification code can effectively prevent CSRF attacks because attackers cannot obtain the value of the verification code.

• Use a security framework or library:

You can use some widely tested and verified security frameworks or libraries, such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, etc. These frameworks or libraries have built-in measures to prevent CSRF attacks.